AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Virus)
AIDS is a chronic disease caused by a virus called human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) that made you sick and destroys CD4 cells, a type of white blood cell responsible for the immune system.
In people with HIV, the disease the disease progress to AIDS when the number of CD4 cells in the blood is less than 200.
Symptoms:
Symptoms of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) vary depending on the stage of infection.
Primary infection:
Symptoms often appear within a month or two of the virus entering the body, and include flu-like symptoms such as:
- High temperature.
- Pain in muscles and joints.
- Skin rash.
- Headache.
- Pain in the throat.
- Ulceration in the mouth or genitals.
- Swollen lymph glands, often in the neck.
- Night sweats.
- Diarrhea.
Clinical infection:
The stage of onset of symptoms and the development of AIDS:
If the disease is not detected and treatment is not received, the progression of the disease is the appearance of chronic symptoms and recurrent infections with opportunistic diseases. The symptoms observed during this stage are:
- Night sweats.
- Shiver and upper temperature in 38°C during several weeks.
- Cough and shortness of breath.
- Chronic diarrhea.
- White stains on the language or in the mouth.
- Headache.
- Blurred vision.
- Weight loss.
- Skin rash.
Ways of transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV):
Sexual contact: The virus is transmitted during sex through sexual fluids and secretions from an infected person to a healthy person, whether the contact is vaginal, anal, or oral.
Blood transfusion: The virus is transmitted through blood transfusion, if accurate laboratory testing methods are not followed.
Participation in the use of injections contaminated with the virus: especially drug users.
From mother to child: The infection may be transmitted from the mother to her child if the mother does not receive appropriate treatment during pregnancy.
Breastfeeding: the infection is transmitted from the mother to the child during breastfeeding; Therefore, a child should not be breastfed by an infected mother.
Although the AIDS virus is found in other body fluids such as saliva, sweat, tears, and urine, it is not transmitted through these fluids, nor is it transmitted through:
- Hugging, kissing, shaking hands.
- sneezing and coughing;
- Bathtubs or swimming.
- Use of toilets or towels.
- Eating with or using common utensils for an AIDS patient.
- insects.
People most at risk of contracting the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV):
- Persons who engage in forbidden and homosexual sex.
- Persons infected with a sexually transmitted disease, and these diseases cause ulcers in the genitals; This makes it easier for the virus to enter the body.
- Participation in the use of syringes, especially drug users.
- uncircumcised men; Where studies have shown that the incidence of infection is high.
Diagnosis:
HIV is diagnosed by a blood test; For the presence of antibodies to the virus using ELISA or Combo; As antibodies begin to appear within 6-12 weeks of exposure to infection. In the event that this analysis is positive, a confirmatory examination called (Western Plot) is performed, and its result is definitive.
Complications:
The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) affects the body's immune system, weakening it, and making it easier for a person to contract opportunistic diseases and various types of cancers, including:
- Tuberculosis
- Salmonella infection.
- Meningitis.
Treatment:
There is no definitive cure for HIV; But antivirals are used to discourage it, and antivirals include:
Lanucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors: They disable a protein that the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) needs to reproduce | (Sustiva), (Viramune), (Intelence)
Nucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitors: It works by blocking the work of the enzyme that helps to form the DNA of the virus, thus stopping its reproduction | (Ziagen) (Truvada) (Combivir)
Protease inhibitors: Disrupting the protease enzyme that HIV needs to reproduce | (Reyataz) (Prezista)
Fusion inhibitors: Prevents HIV from entering CD4 cells | (Fuzeon) (Selzentry)
Prevention methods:
 |
To prevent HIV infection |
To prevent HIV infection:
- Avoid extramarital sex, and it's also important to avoid gay relationships.
- Use a condom if either spouse has the disease.
- Do not share the use of syringes, piercing tools or shaving tools with others.
- There is still no vaccine to prevent infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).
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